Vib Ribbon, Bust-a-Groove and Gitaroo Man are other games where the gameplay is directly derived from the music.
Shadow mentioned things like Dance Dance Revolution and the thousands of other games that followed in his wake. But maybe Audition Online deserves a mention for breaking the mold somewhat - it's also a MMO.
If you could be more specific about what you're looking for it could help. A lot of games use music as a kind of feedback or reward (Ex: Super Mario World's Yoshi), or as en excellent tool for suspence and horror (Silent Hill without the music would suck).